مداخله آمریکا در جنگ داخلی سوریه

مداخله آمریکا در جنگ داخلی سوریه (انگلیسی: American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War) پشتیبانی آمریکا از شورشیان سوریه و نیروهای دموکراتیک سوریه برای جنگ با داعش است.

مداخله آمریکا در جنگ داخلی سوریه
بخشی از (Operation Inherent Resolve), the مداخله نظامی علیه داعش، و مداخله خارجی در جنگ داخلی سوریه in the جنگ داخلی سوریه


Top: Territorial map of the Syrian Civil War in September 2014
Bottom: Current territorial map of the Syrian Civil War

     نیروی زمینی سوریه      معارضان سوری      نیروهای دموکراتیک سوریه      هیئت تحریر شام      داعش
(For a more detailed, up-to-date, interactive map, see الگو:Syrian Civil War detailed map.)
تاریخ۲۲ سپتامبر ۲۰۱۴ – present
 سال، ۸ ماه، ۳ هفته و ۱ روز)
مکانسوریه
نتیجه

Ongoing operations

طرفین درگیر

Coalition of foreign countries
CJTF–OIR
Air war and ground forces

Airstrikes only

Local ground forces
نیروهای دموکراتیک سوریه

Revolutionary Commando Army
Limited involvement'
 کردستان

 دولت اسلامی در عراق و شام[26]
[27][28][29]


القاعده

حزب ترکستان اسلامی در سوریه[40]


احرار الشام (Nov. 2014 airstrikes, intentionality disputed)[41][42]

سوریه (limited 2017–2018 strikes)[43]
 ایران (limited aircraft shoot downs)[44][45]
Supported by:
 روسیه


کتائب حزب‌الله (limited 2019 strikes)
فرماندهان و رهبران

دونالد ترامپ (since 2۰ ژانویه ۲۰۱۷)
باراک اوباما (until 2۰ ژانویه ۲۰۱۷)
چاک هیگل (until 2015)
اشتون کارتر (until 2017)
جیمز متیس (until 2019)
پتریک ام. شنهن (until 2۳ ژوئن ۲۰۱۹)
مارک اسپر (since 2۳ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۹)
لارس لوکه راسموسن
هله تورنینگ-اشمیت
مارک روته
بوریس جانسون (since 2۴ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۹)
ترزا می (۱۳ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۶ – ۲۴ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۹)
دیوید کامرون (until 1۳ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۶)
Stephen Hillier
تونی ابوت
مالکوم ترنبول
Trevor Jones
David Johnston
امانوئل مکرون (since 1۴ مه ۲۰۱۷)
فرانسوا اولاند (until 1۴ مه ۲۰۱۷)
ژان-ایو لو دریان
Pierre de Villiers
آنگلا مرکل
آنه‌گرت کرامپ-کارنباوئر
Volker Wieker
عبدالله دوم
عبدالله النسور
سلمان بن عبدالعزیز آل سعود
عبدالله بن عبدالعزیز آل سعود (Died 2015)
محمد بن سلمان
محمد ششم مراکش
عبدالاله بن کیران
Bouchaib Arroub
خلیفه بن زاید آل نهیان
حمد بن عیسی آل خلیفه
تمیم بن حمد آل ثانی
Hamad bin Ali Al Attiyah
صالح مسلم
مسعود بارزانی
استیون هارپر (until November 2015)
جاستین ترودو (until February 2016)
Thomas J. Lawson (until February 2016)

Yvan Blondin (until February 2016)

ابوبکر بغدادی  (Leader)[46][47]
ابوعلاء العفری 
(Deputy Leader of ISIL)[48]
Abu Ayman al-Iraqi  (Head of Military Shura)[49][50]
Abu Suleiman  (Replacement Military Chief)[50]
ابوعمر شیشانی  (Chief commander in Syria) [51][52][53][54]


Abu Khayr al-Masri  (al-Qaeda deputy leader)[55][56]
Abu Jaber Shaykh (Emir of Tahrir al-Sham, 2017–present)
ابومحمد جولانی (Leader of the al-Nusra Front)
Abu Humam al-Shami (al-Nusra Military Chief)[57]
Abu Hajer al-Homsi  (top al-Nusra military commander)[58]
Abu Firas al-Suri  (al-Nusra Spokesman)[59][60]
Abu Muhammed al Ansari 
(al-Nusra Emir of the استان ادلب)
Ahmad Salama Mabruk  (al-Nusra senior commander)[61]
محسن الفضلی  (Leader of Khorasan)[62][63][64]
Sanafi al-Nasr [65]
گروه خراسان [63][66]
Said Arif  (Jund al-Aqsa Military Chief)[37]
Abu Omar al-Turkistani  (TIP and al-Nusra military commander)[40]


Abu Jaber Shaykh (2014–2015)[67][68]

Abu Yahia al-Hamawi (2015–2017)[69]

بشار اسد (President of Syria)

قاسم سلیمانی
قوا

Coalition forces: Coalition forces-air

Coalition forces-ground


Local forces

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant:


al-Qaeda:


Ahrar al-Sham:

Syrian Arab Republic:

تلفات

United States:
9 servicemen killed[110][111][112]
17 Government contractors killed[112]
1 جنرال داینامیکس اف-۱۶ فایتینگ فالکن crashed[113]
1 بل بوئینگ وی-۲۲ آسپری crashed[114]
3 drones lost[115][116][117]
Jordan:
1 معاذ الکساسبه executed[118]
1 F-16 crashed[119]
2 drones lost[120]
United Kingdom:
1 serviceman killed[121]
2 سرویس هوایی ویژه operators wounded[122]

France:
1 serviceman killed[123]

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant:
At least 9,158 killed[124]
(per دیدبان حقوق بشر سوریه)


al-Qaeda:

Jaysh al-Sunna:
10 killed (per SOHR)[124]


Ahrar al-Sham:

3 killed (per SOHR)[124][127][128]

Syrian Arab Republic:
169 soldiers and militiamen killed (per SOHR)[124]
<23 Russian paramilitary forces killed[129][130]
3 tanks destroyed[131][132][133]
+10 aircraft destroyed[134][135]
۱ ۲کا۱۲ کیوب battery destroyed[136]

2 drones lost[137][138]
3,833 civilians killed by Coalition airstrikes in Syria (Per دیدبان حقوق بشر سوریه)[124]
[139] 5,900+ civilians killed by ISIL in Syria[140]
Over 420,000 civilians displaced or fled to other countries[141][142]
Number of militants killed possibly higher, due to them covering up their losses.[143]

جستارهای وابسته

منابع

  1. "Timeline: the Rise, Spread and Fall of the Islamic State". Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  2. There are four times as many U.S. troops in Syria as previously acknowledged by the Pentagon The Washington Post, 6 December 2017.
  3. Rogoway, Tyler. "Shockwaves Sent Through Tattered US-Russian Relationship After US Downs Syrian Jet". The Drive.
  4. "Saudi Arabia, UAE send troops to support Kurds in Syria". میدل ایست مانیتور. 22 November 2018.
  5. "The UAE has it in for the Muslim Brotherhood". Al-Araby Al-Jadeed. 22 February 2017. Along with their American counterparts, Emirati special forces are said to be training elements of the opposition. They constitute a kind of Arab guarantee among the Syrian Democratic Forces – an umbrella group dominated by the Kurds of the PYD, on whom the US are relying to fight IS on the ground.
  6. "German troops deployment and ops in Syria fall within 'right of self-defense', Germany's top court rules". DailySabah.
  7. "Denmark's decision to withdraw from airstrikes on Syria and Iraq". Middle East Monitor. 6 December 2016.
  8. "U.S. applauds Denmark's deploying troops in Syria - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com.
  9. "Australia ends strikes in Iraq and Syria". 22 December 2017 via www.bbc.com.
  10. "Dutch air mission ends but Peshmerga, Iraqi training continues". Kurdistan24.
  11. 8 US Military, 1 DOD civilian
  12. Army identifies U.S. soldier killed in Syria
  13. "Watson Institute International and Public Affairs- Brown University Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars. November 2019" (PDF).
  14. Roblin, Sebastien (21 June 2019). "A War Begins? How Iran Shot Down a U.S. RQ-4N Surveillance Drone". The National Interest.
  15. "Drones Are Dropping Like Flies From the Sky Over Syria".
  16. "French soldier killed in Iraq-Syria military zone, Élysée Palace says". France 24. 23 September 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  17. "62 months of the "international coalition" operations in Syria: Killing "al-Baghdadi" the biggest achievement after the US withdrawal, new bases and goals in East Euphrates and joint operations with SDF to "fight IS cells" • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 23 November 2019.
  18. Christoph Reuter. American Fury: The Truth About the Russian Deaths in Syria: Hundreds of Russian soldiers are alleged to have died in U.S. airstrikes at the beginning of February. Reporting by DER SPIEGEL shows that events were likely very different. اشپیگل, 2 March 2018.
  19. "About 220 casualties and wounded of the Russian security companies, the regime forces and their allies in Coalition's bombing and the explosion of a warehouse of the Russian protection forces east of Euphrates • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 14 February 2018.
  20. Christopher Woody (June 6, 2017). "The US-led coalition destroyed more pro-Assad forces at a growing hotspot in the Syrian desert". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 2017-06-06. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
  21. "U.S. aircraft conduct strike on Syrian army convoy". CBS News. May 18, 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-06-07. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
  22. U.S. airstrike destroys Russian-made tank used by pro-Syria forces بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰۱۸-۰۲-۱۳ توسط Wayback Machine NBC News, 13 February 2018.
  23. "Nine Syrian planes destroyed by US strike on airfield". ITV News. 7 April 2017.
  24. Here's The Definitive Account Of The Syrian Su-22 Shoot Down From The Pilots Themselves.
  25. "ISI first to analyze Shayrat airfield missile attack". ImageStat International. Archived from the original on 13 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  26. "F-15E Shot Down "Predator-Sized" Drone That Attacked Coalition Forces In Syria". The Drive. 8 June 2017.
  27. "US 'downs Iranian-made drone' over Syria". 20 June 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2018 via www.bbc.co.uk.

پیوند به بیرون

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