جنگ ۱۹۸۲ لبنان

جنگ لبنان (۱۹۸۲)
	بخشی از مقاومت فلسطین در جنوب لبنان (نزاع فلسطین و اسرائیل) و جنگ داخلی لبنان
	; نیروهای لبنانی در بیروت (۱۹۸۲)
تاریخ	۶ ژوئن ۱۹۸۲ – ژوئن ۱۹۸۵ (فاز اصلی: از ژوئن تا سپتامبر ۱۹۸۲)
مکان	جنوب لبنان
نتیجه	موفقیت تاکتیکی اسرائیل و حذف پایگاه‌های فلسطینی در جنوب لبنان اما عدم موفقیت در اهداف راهبردی[1][2][3][4]; [5] اخراج ساف از لبنان[6]; فروپاشی اتحاد مارونی-اسرائیلی، شکست طرح صلح لبنانی-اسرائیلی[7]; افزایش نفوذ سوریه در لبنان; ادامه یافتن جنگ میان اسرائیل و ارتش جنوب لبنان مقابل حزب‌الله لبنان در جنوب لبنان
تغییرات; قلمرو	تبدیل آرام دولت خودخوانده لبنان آزاد به کمربند ایمنی اسرائیل
طرفین درگیر
اسرائیل; جبهه لبنان حزب فالانژ لبنان; جنبش التنظیم; دولت لبنان آزاد	سازمان آزادی‌بخش فلسطین; سوریه; جبهه مقاومت ملی لبنان; حزب‌الله لبنان; جنبش امل; جنبش مرابطون دیگران امل اسلامی ; آسالا ; جنبش اسلامی توحید ; پ‌ک‌ک[8][9][10] ;
فرماندهان و رهبران
اسرائیل:; مناخم بگین; (نخست‌وزیر); آریل شارون; (وزیر دفاع); رافائل ایتان; (فرمانده ستادکل ارتش); دیوید ایوری; (فرمانده نیروی هوایی); زئیو آلموگ; (فرمانده نیروی دریایی) فالانژ:; بشیر جمیل; فادی افرام; ایلی حبیقه التنظیم:; فوزی محفوظ ارتش جنوب لبنان:; سعد حداد	ساف:; یاسر عرفات; (رهبر) سوریه:; حافظ اسد; (رئیس‌جمهور); مصطفی طلاس; (وزیر دفاع) حزب کمونیست لبنان:; جرج حاوی; الیاس عطاالله حزب‌الله:; سید عباس موسوی مرابطون:; ابراهیم قلیلات امل:; نبیه بری آسالا:; مونته ملکونیان پ‌ک‌ک:; معصوم کرکماز دیگران:; راغب حرب; محسن ابراهیم; مراد قرایلان; انعام رعد; سعید شعبان
قوا
اسرائیل:; ۷۸٬۰۰۰ نفر; ۸۰۰ تانک; ۱٬۵۰۰ نفربر; ۶۳۴ هواپیما; القوات اللبنانیه:; ۳۰٬۰۰۰ نفر; ارتش جنوب لبنان:; ۵٬۰۰۰ نفر; ۹۷ تانک	سوریه:; ۲۲٬۰۰۰ نفر; ۳۵۲ تانک; ۳۰۰ نفربر; ۴۵۰ هواپیما; ۳۰۰ توپخانه; ۱۰۰ تسلیحات ضدهوایی; ساف:; ۱۵٬۰۰۰ نفر; ۸۰ تانک; ۱۵۰ نفربر; ۳۵۰+ توپخانه; ۲۵۰+ تسلیحات ضدهوایی
تلفات
اسرائیل: ۶۵۷ کشته، ۳٬۸۸۷ زخمی[11]	مبارزان فلسطینی و لبنانی:; حدود ۱٬۸۰۰ کشته
	غیرنظامیان: حدود ۲۰٬۰۰۰ کشته و ۳۰٬۰۰۰ زحمی

جنگ ۱۹۸۲ لبنان (به انگلیسی: 1982 Lebanon War) یا جنگ اول لبنان یا عملیات صلح برای جلیل جنگی است که در سال ۱۹۸۲ بین اسرائیل و لبنان رخ داد. نیروهای دفاعی اسرائیل پس از درگیری‌های مکرر با نیروهای سازمان آزادی‌بخش فلسطین (ساف) مستقر در جنوب لبنان، به این مناطق حمله کرد.[12] عملیات نظامی، پس از سوءقصد ناموفق علیه شلومو آرگوف، سفیر اسرائیل در انگلستان، توسط یکی از اعضای گروه ابونضال (یکی از گروه‌های مخالف ساف) آغاز شد. نخست‌وزیر اسرائیل، مناخم بگین ضمن محکوم کردن سازمان آزادی‌بخش فلسطین، از این موضوع به‌عنوان بهانه جنگ استفاده کرد و جنگ در ۶ ژوئن ۱۹۸۲ آغاز شد. ارتش اسرائیل به همراه متحدین مارونی خود، طی مدت کوتاهی با حملات شدید هوایی و پیش‌روی سریع نظامی، بیروت و قسمت‌هایی از جنوب لبنان را تصرف نظامی کرد و نیروهای ساف و متحدین آن شامل افرادی از نیروی زمینی سوریه و نیروهای اسلام‌گرای لبنانی را در غرب بیروت محاصره کرد و تحت بمباران شدید قرار داد.[13]

پس از مذاکرهٔ طرفین درگیری و با کمک ایالات متحده و نیروهای حافظ صلح، آتش‌بس برقرار شد و به نیروهای ساف فرصت داده شد که از جنوب لبنان خارج شوند. با پایان درگیری‌ها در همان سال، مرکز فرماندهی نیروهای ساف به شهر طرابلس لبنان منتقل شد و همچنین از تسلط نیروهای سوری در لبنان کاسته شد.[14][15]اسرائیل پس از ۳ سال از بیشتر مناطق خارج شد. با انسجام نیروهای شیعه طرفین درگیری به ویژه حزب‌الله و ارتش اسرائیل وارد تنش‌های نظامی کوچک مقیاس پانزده ساله شدند.[7]

جستارهای وابسته

پانویس

Eligar Sadeh Militarization and State Power in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Case Study of Israel, 1948–1982, Universal-Publishers, 1997 p.119.
Mira M. Sucharov, The International Self: Psychoanalysis and the Search for Israeli-Palestinian Peace, SUNY Press, 2012 p.95:'Gioven the widely perceived strategic failure of the war'.
http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/History/Pages/The%20Arab-Israeli%20Wars.aspx – "In retaliation, the IDF attacked Lebanon once again and succeeded in its original purpose to wipe out terrorist bases in the south of Lebanon. A series of simultaneous, amphibious operations was remarkably successful. Subsequently, however, the mission was enlarged and the capture of Beirut signalled the transition to a long drawn-out war. It failed to achieve its ultimate purpose. A peace treaty with Lebanon was signed, but not ratified; the Christian government of fragmented Lebanon was too weak to prevail."
Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Netanel Lorch (2013). "The Lebanon War: Operation Peace for Galilee (1982)". The Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The failure of Operation Peace of Galilee to achieve its objective prevailed upon the new national coalition government, which took office in 1984, to withdraw forthwith from Lebanon.
Globalsecurity.org, THE ISRAELI EXPERIENCE IN LEBANON, 1982–1985, Major George C. Solley, Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 10 May 1987. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
"The third goal was to remove Syrian presence from Lebanon. The recognition that this goal was obviously unsuccessful must betempered by an awareness of the Lebanese situation since 1982. Even when the first two aims seemed to have been met, Syrian recalcitrance acted as a stumbling blocks the Syrians would by nomeans agree to a withdrawal from Lebanon in conjunction with the Israelis and therefore were able to effectively scuttle the 17 May, Agreement between Israel and Lebanon before it had any chance of fulfillment; Syria offered a haven for PLO fighters in the Bekaa Valley from which they could stage raids on the IDF in Lebanon and from which many have now moved back into Beirut and Sidon; and despite having taken severe losses during the June fighting, Syria was able to quickly replace those losses with better Soviet equipment accompanied by a number of Soviet advisors."
Hirst, David (2010). Beware of Small States. NationBooks. pp. 144–145. ISBN 978-1-56858-657-1. In time, however, Arafat and his guerrilla leadership decided that they would have to withdraw, leaving no military and very little political or symbolic presence behind. Their enemy's firepower and overall strategic advantage were too great and it was apparently ready to use them to destroy the whole city over the heads of its inhabitants. The rank and file did not like this decision, and there were murmurings of 'treason' from some of Arafat's harsher critics. Had they not already held out, far longer than any Arab country in any former war, against all that the most powerful army in the Middle East – and the fourth most powerful in the world, according to Sharon – could throw against them? (...) But [Palestinians] knew that, if they expected too much, they could easily lose [Lebanense Muslim support] again. 'If this had been Jerusalem', they said, 'we would have stayed to the end. But Beirut is not outs to destroy.
Morris 1999, p. ۵۵۹.
"In the Spotlight: PKK (A.k.a KADEK) Kurdish Worker's Party". Cdi.org. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
"Abdullah Öcalan en de ontwikkeling van de PKK". Xs4all.nl. Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
"a secret relationship". Niqash.org. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
Wars, Internal Conflicts, and Political Order: A Jewish Democracy in the Middle East, Gad Barzilai, pp. 148
«The operation was called Operation Peace for Galilee and was launched in reply to ongoing PLO attacks from its Lebanese bases. - Buscar con Google». www.google.co.uk. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۱-۰۵-۱۰.
https://archive.org/details/fightingjets00walk. پارامتر |عنوان= یا |title= ناموجود یا خالی (کمک)
"1982 Lebanon War". Wikipedia. 2021-05-06.
Blanton, James F. (2013-01-01). "Finding the Balance to Combat a Hybrid Threat".

در ویکی‌انبار پرونده‌هایی دربارهٔ جنگ ۱۹۸۲ لبنان موجود است.

منابع

Fisk, Robert (2001). Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War (3rd ed.). London: Oxford University Press. p. 537. ISBN 0-19-280130-9.
Morris, Benny (1999). Righteous Victims: A history of the Zionist–Arab Conflict, 1881–1999. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 768. ISBN 0-307-78805-9.

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[1] Eligar Sadeh Militarization and State Power in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Case Study of Israel, 1948–1982, Universal-Publishers, 1997 p.119.

[2] Mira M. Sucharov, The International Self: Psychoanalysis and the Search for Israeli-Palestinian Peace, SUNY Press, 2012 p.95:'Gioven the widely perceived strategic failure of the war'.

[3] ttp://mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/History/Pages/The%20Arab-Israeli%20Wars.aspx – "In retaliation, the IDF attacked Lebanon once again and succeeded in its original purpose to wipe out terrorist bases in the south of Lebanon. A series of simultaneous, amphibious operations was remarkably successful. Subsequently, however, the mission was enlarged and the capture of Beirut signalled the transition to a long drawn-out war. It failed to achieve its ultimate purpose. A peace treaty with Lebanon was signed, but not ratified; the Christian government of fragmented Lebanon was too weak to prevail."

[mfa-4] Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Netanel Lorch (2013). "The Lebanon War: Operation Peace for Galilee (1982)". The Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The failure of Operation Peace of Galilee to achieve its objective prevailed upon the new national coalition government, which took office in 1984, to withdraw forthwith from Lebanon.

[5] Globalsecurity.org, THE ISRAELI EXPERIENCE IN LEBANON, 1982–1985, Major George C. Solley, Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 10 May 1987. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
"The third goal was to remove Syrian presence from Lebanon. The recognition that this goal was obviously unsuccessful must betempered by an awareness of the Lebanese situation since 1982. Even when the first two aims seemed to have been met, Syrian recalcitrance acted as a stumbling blocks the Syrians would by nomeans agree to a withdrawal from Lebanon in conjunction with the Israelis and therefore were able to effectively scuttle the 17 May, Agreement between Israel and Lebanon before it had any chance of fulfillment; Syria offered a haven for PLO fighters in the Bekaa Valley from which they could stage raids on the IDF in Lebanon and from which many have now moved back into Beirut and Sidon; and despite having taken severe losses during the June fighting, Syria was able to quickly replace those losses with better Soviet equipment accompanied by a number of Soviet advisors."

[6] Hirst, David (2010). Beware of Small States. NationBooks. pp. 144–145. ISBN 978-1-56858-657-1. In time, however, Arafat and his guerrilla leadership decided that they would have to withdraw, leaving no military and very little political or symbolic presence behind. Their enemy's firepower and overall strategic advantage were too great and it was apparently ready to use them to destroy the whole city over the heads of its inhabitants. The rank and file did not like this decision, and there were murmurings of 'treason' from some of Arafat's harsher critics. Had they not already held out, far longer than any Arab country in any former war, against all that the most powerful army in the Middle East – and the fourth most powerful in the world, according to Sharon – could throw against them? (...) But [Palestinians] knew that, if they expected too much, they could easily lose [Lebanense Muslim support] again. 'If this had been Jerusalem', they said, 'we would have stayed to the end. But Beirut is not outs to destroy.

[FOOTNOTEMorris1999۵۵۹-7] Morris 1999, p. ۵۵۹.

[PKK1-8] "In the Spotlight: PKK (A.k.a KADEK) Kurdish Worker's Party". Cdi.org. Retrieved 29 February 2012.

[PKK2-9] "Abdullah Öcalan en de ontwikkeling van de PKK". Xs4all.nl. Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 29 February 2012.

[PKK3-10] "a secret relationship". Niqash.org. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 29 February 2012.

[books.google.no-11] Wars, Internal Conflicts, and Political Order: A Jewish Democracy in the Middle East, Gad Barzilai, pp. 148

[12] «The operation was called Operation Peace for Galilee and was launched in reply to ongoing PLO attacks from its Lebanese bases. - Buscar con Google». www.google.co.uk. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۱-۰۵-۱۰.

[13] ttps://archive.org/details/fightingjets00walk. پارامتر |عنوان= یا |title= ناموجود یا خالی (کمک)

[14] "1982 Lebanon War". Wikipedia. 2021-05-06.

[15] Blanton, James F. (2013-01-01). "Finding the Balance to Combat a Hybrid Threat".