جنگ داخلی فنلاند

جنگ داخلی فنلاند بخشی از آشفتگی ملی، سیاسی و اجتماعی ناشی از جنگ جهانی اول (۱۹۱۴-۱۹۱۸) در اروپا بود.[5]

Finnish Civil War
بخشی از جنگ جهانی اول

تامپره's civilian buildings destroyed in the civil war.
تاریخ27 January – 15 May 1918
(۳ ماه، ۲ هفته و ۴ روز)
مکانفنلاند
نتیجه

Victory of the White Senate of Finland

  • Russian military presence ceased
  • German hegemony until 11 November 1918
طرفین درگیر

White Finland

  • White Guards
  • "Jäger" movement
 امپراطوری آلمان
سوئد, استونی[1] و لهستان volunteers

Red Finland

  • Red Guards
 جمهوری شوروی فدراتیو سوسیالیستی روسیه
فرماندهان و رهبران

کارل گوستاف امیل مانرهایم
Ernst Linder
Ernst Löfström
Martin Wetzer
Karl Wilkman
Rüdiger von der Goltz
Hans von Tschirsky und von Bögendorff
Karl Wolff
Otto von Brandenstein
Hugo Meurer
Hjalmar Frisell, Swe.
Harald Hjalmarson, Swe.
Hans Kalm, Est.

Stanislaw Prus-Boguslawski, Pol.

Ali Aaltonen
Eero Haapalainen
Eino Rahja
Adolf Taimi
Evert Eloranta
Kullervo Manner
Hugo Salmela
Heikki Kaljunen
Fredrik Johansson
Verner Lehtimäki
Konstantin Yeremejev
Mikhail Svechnikov

Georgij Bulatsel
قوا
80,000–90,000 Finns
14,000 Imperial German Army soldiers
1,000 Swedish volunteers[2]
1,737 Poles from the Polish Legion[3]		 80,000–90,000 Finns
7,000–10,000 soldiers of the former Russian Imperial Army[2]
تلفات
Whites
3,000-3,500 killed in action
1,650 executed
46 missing
4 dead in prison camps
Swedes
55 killed in action
Germans
450–500 killed in action[4]
Total
5,300–5,600 casualties		 Reds
4,500-5,500 killed in action
10,000 executed
2,000 missing
11,000–13,500 dead in prison camps
Russians
800-1,000 killed in action
1,500-1,800 executed[4]
Total
27,400–33,100 casualties

منابع
  1. Ylikangas 1993a, pp. 55–63
  2. Arimo 1991, pp. 19–24, Manninen & 1993ab, pp. 44–73, 96–177, Upton 1981, pp. 107, 267–273, 377–391
  3. Muilu 2010, pp. 87–90
  4. Eerola & Eerola 1998, Paavolainen & 1966, 1967, 1971, Upton 1981, pp. 191–200, 453–460, Roselius 2004, pp. 165–176, Westerlund & Kalleinen 2004, pp. 267–271, Westerlund 2004a, pp. 53–72, Tikka 2014, pp. 90–118
  5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War
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