واکسن کووید-۱۹

واکسن بیماری کروناویروس ۲۰۱۹ (به انگلیسی: COVID‑19 vaccine) واکسن‌هایی هستند که با هدف ایجاد ایمنی اکتسابی علیه بیماری کروناویروس ۲۰۱۹ (کووید‑۱۹) در حال طراحی، ساخت یا تولید هستند. اقداماتی که در گذشته به منظور تهیهٔ واکسن علیه بیماری‌های کروناویروسی مانند نشانگان تنفسی حاد و نشانگان تنفسی خاورمیانه انجام شد، باعث افزایش اطلاعات در مورد ساختار و عملکرد کروناویروس‌ها شده‌است. این اطلاعات به دانشمندان کمک می‌کند که با سرعتی بالاتر از حد معمول، واکسن‌هایی متعدد و نوآورانه برای مقابله با کووید‑۱۹ طراحی و تولید کنند.[1]

وضعیت مجوز استفاده از واکسن‌های کووید-۱۹ در کشورهای مختلف
  Approved for general use, mass vaccination underway
  EUA (or equivalent) granted, mass vaccination underway
  EUA granted, limited vaccination
  Approved for general use, mass vaccination planned
  EUA granted, mass vaccination planned
  EUA pending

تا ژانویهٔ ۲۰۲۱ تعداد ۶۹ واکسن پیشنهادی در مرحلهٔ کارازمایی بالینی هستند که شامل ۴۳ واکسن در فازهای ۱ و ۲ و ۲۶ واکسن در فازهای ۲ و ۳ هستند.[2] در فاز ۳ چندین واکسن پیشنهادی دارای تأثیری ۹۵درصدی در جلوگیری از ابتلا به کووید-۱۹ گزارش شده‌اند. تا ژانویهٔ ۲۰۲۱ تعداد ۹ واکسن حداقل از یک کشور مجوز استفاده درمانی برای تزریق و استفادهٔ عمومی را دریافت کرده‌اند. این واکسن‌ها شامل دو واکسن RNA (واکسن کووید-۱۹ فایزر و واکسن کووید-۱۹ مدرنا)، سه واکسن غیرفعال (کروناواک، BBIBP-CorV و BBV152)، سه واکسن وایرال وکتور (اسپوتنیک ۵، ای‌زددی۱۲۲۲ و Ad5-nCoV) و یک واکسن پپتیدی (EpiVacCorona) می‌باشند. بسیاری از کشورها اولویت دریافت واکسن را به گروه‌های جمعیتی با خطر بالا مانند افراد مسن و افراد در معرض ابتلا مانند کادر درمانی اختصاص داده‌اند.[3] طبق آمار رسمی تا ۳۰ ژانویه ۲۰۲۱ حدود ۹۵ میلیون دوز واکسن در سراسر دنیا به افراد تزریق شده‌است. فایزر، مدرنا و آسترازنکا پیش‌بینی کرده‌اند که تا پایان سال ۲۰۲۱ می‌توانند ۵/۳ میلیارد دوز واکسن تولید کنند که این تعداد می‌تواند حدود ۳ میلیارد نفر را واکسینه کند. تا ماه دسامبر بیش از ۱۰ میلیارد دوز واکسن توسط کشورهای مختلف، پیش سفارش شده‌اند.[4] حدود نیمی از این تعداد توسط کشورهای ثروتمندی خریداری شده‌اند که در مجموع تنها ۱۴ درصد از جمعیت دنیا را شامل می‌شوند.[5]

تاریخچه

تا ماه اکتبر ۲۰۲۰، بیش از ۳۲۱ واکسن کاندید در سطح جهان در حال توسعه بوده‌اند که ۲٫۵ برابر نسبت به آوریل بیشتر است.[6] در نوامبر، ۵۶ واکسن کاندید در حال پژوهش بالینی بودند: ۴۱ واکسن در فاز آزمایش‌های ۱–۲ و ۱۵ تا فاز 2-3.[6][7][8][9] در نوامبر ۲۰۲۰، فایزر[10] مدرنا[11] دانشگاه آکسفورد (در همکاری با آسترازنکا),[12][13] نتایج مثبتی از تحلیل‌های آزمایش‌های مقدماتی فاز ۳ واکسن شان اعلام کردند.

سازمان جهانی بهداشت (WHO)، ائتلاف نوآوری‌های آمادگی همه‌گیری (CEPI) و بنیاد بیل و ملیندا گیتس (GF) برای این احتمال که واکسن‌های متعددی به منظور جلوگیری از از ادامه عفونت کووید-۱۹ مورد نیاز خواهد بود متعهد پول و منابع سازمانی شده‌اند.[14]

در فوریه سال ۲۰۲۰، سازمان بهداشت جهانی (WHO) اعلام کرد که انتظار نمی‌رود واکسنی علیه کووید-۱۹، در مدت کمتر از ۱۸ ماه عرضه شود.[15] نظر ائتلاف برای نوآوری‌های آمادگی اپیدمی (CEPI) که برای سرمایه‌گذاری سریع و توسعه کاندیداهای واکسن، یک صندوق ۲ دلار آمریکا میلیارد دلاری در سراسر جهان سازماندهی می‌کند[16] در ماه آوریل حاکی از آن بود که واکسنی تحت پروتکل‌های استفادهٔ اضطراری در کمتر از ۱۲ ماه یا در اوایل سال ۲۰۲۱ ممکن است در دسترس باشد.[17]

تا ماه مه، ۱۲۰ نامزد واکسن در حال توسعه بودند،[17][18] که پنج تا در فاز مطالعات ایمنی و کارایی در افراد انسانی I-II، و شش تا در فاز I آزمایش‌ها بودند.

وضعیت آزمایش و مجوز

واکسن‌های مجاز و تأیید شده

نهادهای ملی تاکنون به نه واکسن، جواز استفاده اضطراری داده‌اند. سه تا از این‌ها از سوی نهادهای نظارتی سختگیر تأیید شده‌اند.

واکسن‌های مجاز برای استفاده اضطراری یا تأیید شده برای استفاده کامل
واکسن، توسعه دهنده/حامی فناوری فاز در جریان (شرکت کنندگان) فاز تکمیل شده [persian-alpha 1] (شرکت کنندگان) جواز
واکسن کووید-۱۹ فایزر–بیوان‌تک (Comirnaty)[19][20][21]
بیوان‌تک، فایزر، داروسازی فوسان
واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید (modRNA به صورت کپسول در نانو ذره‌های لیپیدی) فاز III ‏(۴۳,۴۴۸)
تصادفی، کنترل شده با پلاسیبو.
نتایج مثبت در تحلیل موقت در ۱۸ نوامبر ۲۰۲۰ اعلام[22]و گزارش دربارهٔ اثربخشی ۹۵٪ در ۱۰ دسامبر ۲۰۲۰ منتشر شد.[23][24]
مکان(ها): آلمان، ایالات متحده
مدت : ژوئیه ۲۰۲۰ – نوامبر ۲۰۲۰[25][26]
فاز I–II ‏(۴۵)
پادتن‌های جی قوی بسیار چسبنده به آربی‌دی و آنتی‌بادی خنثی کننده ۷ روز پس از یک دوز یادآور به اوج خود رسیدند، پاسخ مقاوم لنفوسیت تی CD4+ و CD8+ , ماندگاری نامشخص.[27]
مدت : مه ۲۰۲۰ –
واکسن کووید-۱۹ مدرنا[69][70]
مدرنا، مؤسسه ملی آلرژی و بیماری‌های عفونی، BARDA, CEPI
واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید (modRNA قرار گرفته به صورت کپسول در ریزذره های لیپیدی ) فاز III ‏(۳۰٬۰۰۰)
مداخله ای؛ مطالعه تصادفی، کنترل شده با پلاسیبو برای تضمین اثربخشی، ایمنی و ایمنی زایی انجام شده.
نتایج مثبت از یک آزمایش موقت در ۱۵ نوامبر ۲۰۲۰ اعلام شد[71] و در ۳۰ دسامبر ۲۰۲۰ اثربخشی کل ۹۴٫۱٪ اعلام شد.[72]
مکان(ها): ایالات متحده
مدت : ژوئیه 2020  اکتبر ۲۰۲۲
فاز I–II ‏(۷۲۰)[73][74]
Dose-dependent neutralizing antibody response on two-dose schedule; undetermined durability.[75][76][77]
مکان(ها): ایالات متحده
مدت : مارس 2020  نوامبر 2021
ای‌زددی۱۲۲۲[persian-alpha 3][persian-alpha 4][96][97][98]
دانشگاه آکسفورد، آسترازنکا، CEPI
واکسن vector آدنوویروس (اصلاح شامپانزه معمولی وکتور آدنوویروس شامپانزه شده , ChAdOx1) فاز III ‏(۳۰۰۰۰)
مداخله‌ای؛ کارآزمایی تصادفی کنترل‌شده برای اثربخشی، ایمنی زایی و ایمنی.[99]
نتایج یک تحلیل موقت از چهار آزمایش در جریان در 23 نوامبر 2020 اعلام و در 8 دسامبر 2020 منتشر شد. اثربخشی کل 70% بود, و از 62% تا 90% در دزهای مختلف متغیر بود[100]
مکان(ها): برزیل (۵٬۰۰۰),[101] United Kingdom, India[102]
مدت : May 2020  Aug 2021
فاز I–II ‏(۵۴۳)
Spike-specific antibodies at day 28; neutralizing antibodies پس از یک دوز یادآور at day 56.[103]
اسپوتنیک ۵ (Спутник V)
مرکز ملی تحقیقات اپیدمیولوژی و میکروبیولوژی گامالیا
واکسن وکتوری آدنوویروس فاز III ‏(۴۰,۰۰۰)
آزمایش تصادفی، کور مضاعف، کنترل شده با پلاسیبو به منظور ارزیابی اثربخشی، ایمنی زایی و ایمنی.[124]
تحلیل موقت از آزمایش‌ها منتشر شده در لنست, اثربخشی ۹۱٫۶٪ای بدون اثرات جانبی نامعمول را نشان می‌دهد.[125]
مکان(ها): روسیه، بلاروس,[126] هند,[127][128] ونزوئلا,.[129] امارات[130]
مدت : اوت 2020 – مه ۲۰۲۱
فاز I–II ‏(۷۶)
پاسخ های آنتی‌بادی خنثی‌کننده و لنفوسیت تی .[131]
مکان(ها): روسیه
مدت : ژوئن 2020[131] – سپتامبر ۲۰۲۰
بی‌بی‌آی‌بی‌پی-کروی[146]
گروه دارویی ملی چین: Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products
واکسن کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ غیرفعال شده (vero cell ) فاز III ‏(۴۸٬۰۰۰)
Randomized, double-blind, parallel placebo-controlled, to evaluate safety and protective efficacy.
Sinopharm's internal analysis indicated a 79% efficacy.[147]
مکان(ها): United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Jordan,[148] Argentina,[149] Morocco,[150] Peru[151]
مدت : ژوئیه 2020 – Jul ۲۰۲۱
فاز I–II ‏(۳۲۰)
Neutralizing antibodies at day 14 after 2 injections[152]
مکان(ها): چین
مدت : Apr 2020 – ژوئن ۲۰۲۰
کروناواک[162][163][164]
Sinovac
غیرفعال شده کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ vaccine فاز III ‏(۳۳,۶۲۰)
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled to evaluate efficacy and safety.
Positive results from an interim analysis of a small sample were announced by ترکیه on 24 December 2020, with an efficacy of 91%.[165] Additional results were announced by اندونزی on 11 January, with an overall efficacy of 65.3%.[166] The vaccine was 50.4% effective at preventing symptomatic infections in a Brazilian trial.[167]
مکان(ها): Brazil (15,000);[168] Chile (3,000);[169] Indonesia (1,620); Turkey (13,000)[170]
مدت : ژوئیه 2020 – Oct 2021 in Brazil; اوت ۲۰۲۰ – Jan 2021 in Indonesia
فاز II ‏(۶۰۰)
Immunogenicity eliciting 92% seroconversion at lower dose and 98% at higher dose after 14 days[171]
مکان(ها): چین
مدت : May 2020 –
Ad5-nCoV (Convidicea)
CanSino Biologics, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology of Academy of Military Medical Sciences
آدنوویروس vector vaccine (واکسن adenovirus سروتیپ 5 vector) فاز III ‏(۴۰,۰۰۰)
Global multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled to evaluate efficacy, safety and immunogenicity.
مکان(ها): China, Argentina, Chile,[177] Mexico,[178] Pakistan,[179] Russia,[180] Saudi Arabia[181][182]
مدت : Mar. – Dec. 2020, China; Sep. 2020 – Dec. 2021, Pakistan; Sep. 2020 – Nov. 2020, Russia[180]
فاز II ‏(۵۰۸)
Neutralizing antibody and لنفوسیت تی responses[183]
EpiVacCorona[186]
Vector
Peptide vaccine[186] فاز III ‏(۴۰,۰۰۰)
Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled to evaluate efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety
مکان(ها): Russia[187]
مدت : نوامبر ۲۰۲۰ – دسامبر ۲۰۲۱
فاز I–II ‏(۱۰۰)
Simple, blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study of safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity[186]
مکان(ها): Russia
مدت : ژوئیه 2020[186] – Sep 2020[188]
بی‌بی‌وی۱۵۲ (Covaxin)
بهارات بیوتک, Indian Council of Medical Research
کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ vaccine فاز III ‏(۲۵٬۸۰۰)
Randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled[191]
مکان(ها): India[192]
مدت : نوامبر 2020 – مارس ۲۰۲۱
فاز I ‏(۳۷۵)
Dose-dependent neutralizing antibody response on two-dose schedule. Pending Phase II reports.[193]

واکسن‌های کاندید

کاندیدهای واکسن کووید -۱۹ در آزمایش‌های فاز IIII[7][8][9]
واکسن‌های کاندید،
توسعه دهنده‌ها، و حامیان
فناوری فاز فعلی (شرکت کنندگان)
طراحی
فاز تکمیل شده [persian-alpha 5] (شرکت کنندگان)
پاسخ ایمنی
جواز در حال انتظار
Ad26.COV2.S [194][195]
جانسن فارماسیوتیکا (جانسون و جانسون), BIDMC
آدنوویروس وکتور واکسن (adenovirus serotype 26) فاز III ‏(۴۰,۰۰۰)
Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled
مکان(ها): ایالات متحده، Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, South Africa and Ukraine
مدت : Jul 2020  2023
فاز I–II ‏(۱٬۰۴۵)
Neutralizing-antibody titers against wild-type virus were detected in 90% or more of all participants on day 29 after the first vaccine dose and reached 100% by day 57 with a further increase in titers, regardless of vaccine dose or age group. Titers remained stable until at least day 71.[196]
NVX-CoV2373 [197]
Novavax, CEPI
Subunit vaccine (کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ واکسن spike protein نانوذره with adjuvant) فاز III ‏(۴۵٬۰۰۰)
Randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial[198]
مکان(ها): UK (15,000); US, Mexico (30,000)[199]
مدت : Sep 2020  Jan 2021 (UK); Dec 2020  Mar 2021 (US, Mexico)
فاز I–II ‏(۱۳۱)
پادتن جی and neutralizing antibody response with adjuvant after دوز یادآور.[200]
ZF2001 (RBD-Dimer)[7]
Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd.
Subunit vaccine (واکسن) فاز III ‏(۲۹٬۰۰۰)
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled[201]
مکان(ها): چین، Ecuador, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Uzbekistan[202][203]
مدت : Dec 2020  Apr 2022
فاز II ‏(۹۰۰)
مداخله ای؛ randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled[204]
مکان(ها): چونگ‌کینگ
مدت : Jun 2020  Sep 2021
Zorecimeran (CVnCoV)
CureVac, CEPI
واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید (unmodified RNA)[205] فاز III ‏(۳۶٬۵۰۰)[206]
Phase 2b/3: Multicenter efficacy and safety trial in adults
مکان(ها): Argentina, Belgium, Colombia, Dominican Republic, France, آلمان، Mexico, Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Spain
مدت : Nov 2020  ?
فاز I–II ‏(۹۴۴)[207][208]
Phase 1 (284): Partially blind, controlled, dose-escalation to evaluate safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity.
Phase 2a (660):Partially observer-blind, multicenter, controlled, dose-confirmation.
مکان(ها): Belgium (P1), آلمان (P1), Panama (2a), Peru (2a)
مدت : Jun 2020  Oct 2021
ZyCoV-D[209]
Cadila Healthcare
DNA vaccine (پلاسمید expressing کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ S protein ) فاز III ‏(۲۶٬۰۰۰)[210]
مکان(ها): India[211]
مدت : Jan 2021  ?
فاز I–II ‏(۱٬۰۰۰)
مداخله ای؛ randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled[212][213]
مکان(ها): India
مدت : Jul 2020  Jan 2021
CoVLP[214]
Medicago, گلاکسواسمیت‌کلاین
ذرات شبه‌ویروسs[persian-alpha 6] (واکسن، plant-based with AS03) فاز II–III ‏(۳۰٬۶۱۲)
Event-driven, randomized, observer blinded, placebo-controlled[216]
مکان(ها): Canada
مدت : Nov 2020 – آوریل ۲۰۲۲
فاز I ‏(۱۸۰)
Neutralizing antibodies at day 42 after the first injection (day 21 after the second injection) were at levels 10x that of COVID-19 survivors.
IIBR-100 (Brilife)[217]
The Israel Institute for Biological research
Vesicular stomatitis vector vaccine (واکسن) فاز II ‏(۱٬۰۰۰)[218]
مکان(ها): Israel
مدت : Dec 2020  spring 2021
فاز I ‏(۸۰)[217]
Subjects (18-55 years old) randomly receiving a single administration of IIBR-100 at the low, mid, or high dose, or saline, or two administrations at a low dose, or saline, 28 days apart.
مکان(ها): Israel
مدت : Oct  Nov 2020
FINLAY-FR-2 (SOBERANA 02)
Instituto Finlay de Vacunas
Conjugate vaccine[219] فاز II ‏(۹۱۰)[220]
Allocation: Randomized controlled trial. Masking: Double Blind. Control group: Placebo. Study design: Parallel.
مکان(ها): Cuba
مدت : Jan   مارس ۲۰۲۱
فاز I ‏(۴۰)[221]
Allocation: Non-randomized controlled trial. Masking: Open. Control group: Uncontrolled. Study design: Adaptive, sequential
مکان(ها): Cuba
مدت : نوامبر ۲۰۲۰   ژانویه ۲۰۲۱
INO-4800[persian-alpha 7][222][223]
Inovio, CEPI, Korea National Institute of Health, International Vaccine Institute
DNA vaccine (plasmid delivered by الکتروپوراسیون) فاز I–II ‏(۴۰)
مکان(ها): ایالات متحده، South Korea
مدت : Apr–Nov 2020
پیشاکلینیکی
Pending Phase I report.
Unnamed[224]
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
غیرفعال شده کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ vaccine فاز I–II ‏(۹۴۲)
Randomized, double-blinded, single-center, placebo-controlled
مکان(ها): چنگدو
مدت : Jun 2020  Sep 2021
پیشاکلینیکی
AG0301-COVID‑19[225]
AnGes Inc. ,[226] AMED
DNA vaccine (plasmid) فاز I–II ‏(۳۰)
Non-randomized, single-center, two doses
مکان(ها): اوساکا
مدت : Jun 2020  Jul 2021
پیشاکلینیکی
Lunar-COV19/ARCT-021[227][228]
Arcturus Therapeutics
واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید فاز I–II ‏(۹۲)
Randomized, double-blinded
مکان(ها): Singapore
مدت : Aug 2020  ?
پیشاکلینیکی
VLA2001[229][230]
Valneva
غیرفعال شده کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ واکسن فاز I–II ‏(۱۵۰)
Randomized, multi-center, double-blinded
مکان(ها): United Kingdom
مدت : Dec 2020  Feb 2021
پیشاکلینیکی
COVID‑19/aAPC[231]
Shenzhen Genoimmune Medical Institute[232]
Lentiviral vector vaccine (with minigene modifying aAPCs) فاز I ‏(۱۰۰)
مکان(ها): شنژن
مدت : مارس 2020  2023
پیشاکلینیکی
LV-SMENP-DC[233]
Shenzhen Genoimmune Medical Institute[232]
Lentiviral vector vaccine (with minigene modifying سلول‌های دندریتیک) فاز I ‏(۱۰۰)
مکان(ها): شنژن
مدت : مارس 2020  2023
پیشاکلینیکی
LNP-nCoVsaRNA[234]
شورای تحقیقات پزشکی (انگلستان) clinical trials unit در امپریال کالج لندن
واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید فاز I ‏(۱۰۵)
Randomized trial, with dose escalation study (15) and expanded safety study (at least 200)
مکان(ها): United Kingdom
مدت : Jun 2020  Jul 2021
پیشاکلینیکی
GRAd-COV2[235][236]
ReiThera, Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases
آدنوویروس vector vaccine (modified شامپانزه معمولی adenovirus vector, GRAd) فاز I ‏(۹۰)[237]
Subjects (two groups: 18-55 and 65-85 years old) randomly receiving one of three escalating doses of GRAd-COV2 or a placebo, then monitored over a 24-week period. 92.5% of subjects who received GRAd-COV2 developed anti-bodies.
مکان(ها): رم
مدت : Aug  Dec 2020
پیشاکلینیکی
GX-19[238][239]
Genexine consortium,[240] International Vaccine Institute
DNA vaccine فاز I ‏(۴۰)
مکان(ها): سئول
مدت : Jun 2020  Jun 2022
پیشاکلینیکی
SCB-2019[241][242]
Clover Biopharmaceuticals,[243] گلاکسواسمیت‌کلاین، CEPI
Subunit vaccine (Spike protein trimeric subunit with AS03) فاز I ‏(۱۵۰)
مکان(ها): پرت (استرالیا)
مدت : Jun 2020  Mar 2021
پیشاکلینیکی
COVAX-19[244]
Vaxine Pty Ltd[245]
Subunit vaccine (واکسن پروتئین) فاز I ‏(۴۰)
مکان(ها): آدلاید
مدت : Jun 2020  Jul 2021
پیشاکلینیکی
Unnamed[246]
PLA Academy of Military Science, Walvax Biotech[247]
واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید فاز I ‏(۱۶۸)
مکان(ها): چین
مدت : Jun 2020  Dec 2021
پیشاکلینیکی
HGC019[248]
Gennova Biopharmaceuticals, HDT Biotech Corporation[249]
واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید فاز I ‏(۱۲۰)[250]
مکان(ها): هند
مدت : Jan 2021 
پیشاکلینیکی
Bangavax [251][252] Globe Biotech Ltd of Bangladesh واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید فاز I ‏(۱۰۰)[251][253]
Randomized, Parallel Group Trial
مکان(ها): Bangladesh
مدت : Feb 2021  Feb 2022[254]
پیشاکلینیکی
Unnamed[255]
Biological E. Limited, کالج پزشکی بیلور[256]
غیرفعال شده کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ vaccine (using an antigen) فاز I–II ‏(۳۶۰)[257]
Randomized, Parallel Group Trial
مکان(ها): India
مدت : Nov 2020  Feb 2021
پیشاکلینیکی
Nano Covax[258]
Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC
واکسن spike protein[259] فاز I ‏(۶۰)[258]
مکان(ها): ویتنام
مدت : Dec 2020  Jan 2021
پیشاکلینیکی
Tested on mice, hamsters, and monkeys. Approved for human clinical trials by the Vietnam Ministry of Health.[259]
PTX-COVID19-B[260]
Providence Therapeutics
واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید فاز I ‏(۶۰)[260]
مکان(ها): کانادا
مدت : Jan 2021  May 2021
پیشاکلینیکی
SARS-CoV-2 Sclamp/V451[261][262]
دانشگاه کوئینزلند، Syneos Health, CEPI, Seqirus
Subunit vaccine (molecular clamp stabilized spike protein with MF59) ? ‏(۱۲۰)
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging.
False positive HIV test found among participants.
مکان(ها): بریزبن
مدت : Jul–Oct 2020
V590[263] and V591/MV-SARS-CoV-2[264] مرک اند کو. (Themis BIOscience), انستیتو پاستور، University of Pittsburgh’s Center for Vaccine Research (CVR), CEPI Terminated[265]
    1. جدیدترین فازی که نتایجش منتشر شده.
    2. جواز آمریکا همچنین کشورهای دارای حاکمیت ملی در پیمان اتحادیه آزاد را شامل می‌شود: پالائو، جزایر مارشال، و ایالات فدرال میکرونزی.[51][52]
    3. موسسه سرم هند آن را برای ChAdOx1  nCoV-19هند [93] و دیگر کشورهای کم درامد خواهد ساخت.[94]
    4. Oxford name: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Manufacturing in Brazil to be carried out by Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.[95]
    5. Latest Phase with published results.
    6. Virus-like particles grown in نیکوتیان[215]
    7. South Korean Phase I–II in parallel with Phase I in the US

    جستارهای وابسته

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