موقعیت هندسی

شکل هندسی در علم شیمی نشان دهنده وضعیت آرایش اتم ها یا یون ها در یک ماده شیمیایی است.

شکل‌های مهم هندسی
Coordination numberGeometryExamples of discrete (finite) complexExamples in crystals
2 linear Ag(CN)2− in KAg(CN)2 [1] Ag in سیانید نقره،
Au in AuI [2]
3 trigonal planar Cu(CN)32− in Na2Cu(CN)3.3H2O[2] O in TiO2 rutile structure[1]
4 tetrahedral geometry CoCl42−[2] Zn and S in روی سولفید, Si in سیلیسیم دی اکسید[1]
4 square planar AgF4−[2] CuO[1]
5 trigonal bipyramidal SnCl5−[1]
5 square pyramidal InCl52− in (NEt4)2InCl5[2]
6 octahedral Fe(H2O)62+[2] Na and Cl in NaCl[1]
6 trigonal prismatic Mo(SCHCHS)3[1] As in NiAs, Mo in MoS2[1]
7 pentagonal bipyramidal ZrF73− in (NH4)3ZrF7[1] Pa in PaCl5
7 face capped octahedral [HoIII(PhCOCHCOPh)3(H2O)][3] La in A-La2O3
7 trigonal prismatic، square face monocapped TaF72− in K2TaF7[1]
8 cubic سزیم کلرید, کلسیم فلوئورید
8 square antiprism TaF83− in Na3TaF8[1] یدید توریم(IV)[1]
8 dodecahedral
(note whilst this is term generally
used the correct term is bisdisphenoid[1]
or snub disphenoid as this polyhedron is a deltahedron)		 Mo(CN)84− in K4[Mo(CN)8].2H2O[1] Zr in K2ZrF6[1]
8 hexagonal bipyramidal N in Li3N[1]
8 octahedral, trans-bicapped Ni in نیکلین, NiAs; 6 As neighbours + 2 Ni capping[4]
8 trigonal prismatic، triangular face bicapped Ca in CaFe2O4[1]
8 trigonal prismatic، square face bicapped PuBr3[1]
9 trigonal prismatic، square face tricapped [ReH9]2− in پتاسیم نوناهیدریدورنات[2] SrCl2.6H2O، Th in RbTh3F13[1]
9 monocapped square antiprismatic [Th(tropolonate)4(H2O)][2] La in LaTe2[1]
10 bicapped square antiprismatic Th(C2O4)42− [2]
11 Th in [ThIV(NO3)4(H2O)3] (NO3− is bidentate) [2]
12 icosahedron Th in Th(NO3)62− ion in Mg[Th(NO3)6].8H2O [1]
12 cuboctahedron ZrIV(η3−(BH4)4) atoms in fcc metals e.g. Ca[1]
12 anticuboctahedron، triangular orthobicupola atoms in hcp metals e.g. Sc [1]
14 bicapped hexagonal antiprismatic U(BH4)4[2]

منابع
  1. Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6
  2. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0080379419.
  3. Crystal and molecular structure of the heptacoordinate complex tris(diphenylpropanedionato)aquoholmium, Ho(PhCOCHCOPh)3.H2O, Zalkin A., Templeton D.H., Karraker D.G, Inorganic chemistry, 1969, 8, 12,2680 - 2684; doi:10.1021/ic50082a029
  4. David G. Pettifor, Bonding and Structure of Molecules and Solids, 1995, Oxford University Press,ISBN 0-19-851786-6

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